Information Technology Association Standard Agreement

The designated supervisory officer can also provide you with additional information and contacts. A particular line that can be observed between developed and developing countries is the growing digital divide between them. Developing countries that lag behind in terms of digital services, technological innovation and the overall ICT capital stock of developed countries have a unique advantage by joining the ITA. As explained in the previous section, accession to the ITA-3 proposal will ensure significant economic growth and recover much of the tax revenue that was foregone when tariffs were eliminated for both developed and developing countries. In addition, the expansion of the ICT capital stock achieved through MEMBERSHIP of the ITA is an advantage in itself for developing countries. Beyond the impact of growth and revenues, improving developing countries` access to the same technologies used by large global companies improves their competitive advantage and generates other unexpected positive externalities through the proliferation of new ICT-based digital services. The wide range of IT products for which customs duties have been eliminated under this Agreement is listed in Appendices A and B to the Annex to the Agreement. In recognition of rapid advances in IT technology, the agreement provides for an annual product review to extend coverage to new products. The WTO`s IBA Committee has also started work on non-tariff measures affecting the sector. Although the most specific product coding maintained between all countries is at the six-digit level, only a few six-digit HS codes listed in the SIC coverage have all products in their coding that fall within the scope of the adopted/proposed agreement. To capture the proportion of items by HS6 code, IFIT used adjustment factors calculated from the Harmonized Tariff System (HTS) codes in the United Nations Comtrade database for the United States, which additionally refer to product classifications by 8-digit (HTS8) and even 10-digit (HTS10) codes. The adjustment factors are the proportions of the US HTS8/HTS10 codes included in the ITA coverage in all products contained in a particular HS6 code.

The adjustment factors calculated in this way are then applied as proxies to adjust the import values for all countries in the model set. Robots improve productivity when applied to tasks where they can reduce errors and perform tasks with high efficiency and consistency. In this way, robots help produce goods more economically, expand global access to a wide range of industrial goods – from automobiles to refrigerators to smartphones – and have thus played a crucial role in improving global living standards and promoting global economic growth in general. [100] Their impact has been enormous. Ezell focuses on science, technology and innovation policy as well as international competitiveness and trade policy issues. He is co-author of Innovating in a Service Driven Economy: Insights Application, and Practice (Palgrave McMillan, 2015) and Innovation Economics: The Race for Global Advantage (Yale 2012). Data for the calculation of ITA merchandise trade come from the United Nations COMTRADE database. International trade considers products that use HS2017 codes that describe imports with the specificity of six digits to categorize items.

However, a six-digit code still includes several elements. Many countries, including the United States, distinguish product codes based on HS categorization beyond six digits. The United States maintains HS codes at the eight-digit level, so ifIT can approximate the percentage of products in an HS6 code embedded in the proposed ITA-3 extension. Applied tariff rates in the six-digit country range for each trading partner are available through the World Bank`s World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) database. By multiplying the corresponding effective tariff rates (taking into account preferential agreements and most-favoured-nation agreements) by data on the value of imports from a given country (excluding re-imports) for the 251 proposed HS6 codes including the proposed ITA-3, IFIT calculated the average rate of duty actually applied by a country on ITA-3 goods by dividing the sum of the actual ITA-3 customs revenue by the sum of the sum of the actual customs revenues. of the total value of itA-3 imports. This average tariff rate under the ATI-3 expansion would be reduced to zero for participating countries. The removal of tariffs on ITA-3 products would effectively act as a reduction in the prices of ICT products for the benefit of domestic consumers (organizations and individuals), who can then afford more ICT at a reduced price.

[80] American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE), “Semiconductor Technologies: The Potential to Revolutionize U.S. Energy Productivity,” (ACEEE, May 2009), www.aceee.org/semiconductor-technology-potential-revolutionize-us-energy-productivity. Semiconductor-powered sensors, controllers and meters – several of which are offered here for specific types to be included in ITA-3 – will have a huge impact on the energy efficiency of commercial and residential buildings. One study, for example, reveals that integrating smart sensors and controls into the entire building stock has the potential to save up to 29% of buildings` energy consumption. [88] Smart sensors and controls can enable buildings to reduce their peak load by 10-20%, for example by moving certain energy services to times of the day when energy needs are low. [89] Similarly, smart thermostats that help households and building managers monitor and regulate heating and cooling can reduce electricity demand by 15-50%, depending on building and control technology. [90] Overall, the U.S. Department of Energy has estimated that sensor and control technologies alone could reduce the energy consumption of U.S. buildings by 1.7 quads (~500 billion kilowatt hours) by 2030 and achieve annual energy savings of $18 billion.

[91] Wto body decisions on the Information Technology Agreement are contained in the Guide to the Analytical Index to WTO Law and Practice. [150] Statista, “Global market share of the information and communication technology (ICT) market from 2013 to 2021 by selected country,” www.statista.com/statistics/263801/global-market-share-held-by-selected-countries-in-the-ict-market/. The Office of Health and Information Technologies (OHIT) is located in the International Trade Administration and assists the United States. Companies increase their international sales and business opportunities abroad in the areas of health and information technology, computers and networks, microelectronics, telecommunications, instrumentation, medical devices, pharmaceuticals and information technology by monitoring business and economic trends in the health and information technology sectors and in providing data on world trade and markets, as well as on the development of U.S. trade policy in these sectors. influence. You can also visit the following websites for more information about the ITA: As the model shows, tax revenues decrease in the short term (e.B. one year after joining ITA-3), as tariffs on products that would fall under ITA coverage fall to zero, while tax revenues are recovered in the long run (e.B 10 years after joining ITA-3) through standard taxation as economies grow. A growing economy means that businesses increase their incomes and workers earn higher incomes (thus consuming more goods and services), a dynamic that helps countries recover some, if not all, of the customs revenues that were originally lost by joining the ITA. .